A New Platform for OS Research and Dependable Systems The Need of Singularity Software runs on a platform that has evolved over the past 40 years and is increasingly showing its age. This platform is the vast collection of code-operating systems, programming languages, compilers, libraries, run-time systems, middleware, etc.-and hardware that enables a program to execute. On one hand, this platform is an enormous success in both financial and practical terms. ...
Thursday, April 16, 2009
Is India Really Growing - Article at Getgyan
Let's take a look at the facts below: Indian companies are overtaking foreign companies Sensex is touching its apex Foreign firms investing in India Foreign reserves are filled up to all time high GDP has crossed the 8% limit From the above facts it's obvious that India is do making a lot of progress but is that the case with India. Now a day it comes to everyone's mind that India is progressing a lot in ...
Web 2.0 - Article at Getgyan
Harnessing the Collective Intelligence Abstract Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the internet as platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform. Chief among those rules is this: Build applications that harness network effects to get better the more people use them. More precisely, it's all about "harnessing collective intelligence". The basic ...
Prepare to Get Assaulted - Article at Getgyan
Assaulted the word must be striking many things to your mind but my dear friends if you are not prepared for the battlefield of placement you will just feel the word. So let's get prepared and win the battlefield and give the slap on face of the people who are coming to assault you. So let's get started............................. All the future professionals who are trying to trying to crack inside a company must understand the importance of English in their lives. My dear ...
It's Ram today and may be Gandhi tomorrow - Article at Getgyan
"Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this ever in flesh and blood walked upon this earth." (July 1944) Renowned scientist Albert Einstein once said this referring to the Father of the Nation Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Definitely there was a reason behind this saying. People's memory is very short. They may forget. Often people, particularly we Indians forget our heroes (with due regards to a few exceptional ones) soon. We never remember our ...
Introduction to Autonomic Computing - Article at Getgyan
Human beings have evolved a rich and sophisticated set of processes for engaging with the world ,.when we will not have time or the expertise to unravel problems arising in newer system then Autonomic Computing gives the result of realization that unless we begin to build computing system that reduce the complexity for those who use and manage them. Autonomic computing have the ability to manage themselves and dynamically adapt to change in accordance with business policies and IT ...
Power Supply for Robots Part 2 - Article at Getgyan
Batteries Batteries are by far the most commonly used electric power supply for robotics. Batteries are so commonplace that it's easy to take them for granted. An understanding of batteries will help you choose batteries that will optimize your robot's design. The rest of this article will examine batteries. There are hundreds of different kinds of batteries. We will look at the most common batteries employed for hobbyist use: carbon- zinc, alkaline, nickel-cadmium, lead-acid, and ...
Power Supply for Robots Part 1 - Article at Getgyan
MOST ROBOTS USE electric power. The two main sources of untethered electric power for mobile robotics are batteries and photovoltaic cells. In a few years fuel cells will become a third electric power source for robotics. Photovoltaic Cells Photovoltaic cells, commonly called solar cells, produce electric power from sunlight. A typical solar cell produces only a small amount of power, a few milliamperes at a potential difference of about 0.7 volts (V). Solar panels (modules)...
Image File Structure - Article at Getgyan
Introduction Firstly an idea comes into mind and then it is necessary to decide its structure according to the utility of an idea. After seeing anything, our eyes also form a structure and then we come to know what is this. If you want to change or modify the previous one, you have to change or make an amendment in the �STRUCTURE� of the existing one. Similarly in Computer every IMAGE FILE has its own basic structure and it is defined according to the ...
Holographic Memory - Article at Getgyan
Introduction Although conventional storage methods adapt to the growing needs of computer systems, they are reaching their fundamental limits. Often improvements made to these storage methods decrease access times or reduce the size of stored bits, but the design of such systems is based on serial access, or reading in a one dimensional streams of bits. Conventional storage also relies on mechanical devices to retrieve data, such as the arm which passes over magnetic platters in a ...
Wednesday, April 15, 2009
Introduction About Carbon Plant - Article at Getgyan
The Carbon Plant is the part of the Hindalco. In Carbon plant to make Aluminium. In the manufacturing parts are: Paste plant Baking furnace Rodding room Potroom In carbon plant the main function are to produce Aluminium. In this plant to producing to making anode by Carbon. In this moping Al for to cathode & anode Catalyst. In Potroom to making the anode to catalyst electrolyte in two produce large temp. 18000C approx. ...
Engineers Day - Article at Getgyan
Engineers' Day is celebrated every year throughout the country on September 15th to commemorate the birthday of Bharat Ratna Sir M Visvesvaraya. Let us see where engineering education of our country stands after 60 years of independence. A serious problem is staring India's higher education in the face. Its about the misalignment between education and employment. We proudly claim to have the largest pool of engineers. This is the resource which forms the ...
No Hindi Please - Article at Getgyan
September 14 is Hindi Divas. Hindi is a direct descendant of Sanskrit through Prakrit and Apabhramsha. It has been influenced and enriched by Dravidian, Turkish, Farsi, Arabic, Portugese and English languages. It is a very expressive language. In poetry and songs, it can convey emotions using simple and gentle words. It can also be used for exact and rational reasoning. More than 180 million people in India regard Hindi as their mother tongue. Another 300 million use it as second ...
Banning Students Elections is not a solution - Article at Getgyan
Supreme Court recently gave judgement that the country needs good students and not leaders engaged in goondagiri and dadagiri in colleges and universities. As if taking cue from this observation, UP Chief Minister announced a ban on students' elections in the state. Since independence this is the fourth time that such curbs have been imposed in the state. The ban, says the CM, will improve law and order on campus and regularise academic sessions. In December, 2006 we saw unrest in Lucknow ...
Biotechnology - Article at Getgyan
"Biotechnology means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use." Application of indigenous and/or scientific knowledge to the management of (parts of) microorganisms, or of cells and tissues of higher organisms, so that these supply goods and services of use to human beings. Biotechnology combines disciplines like genetics, molecular ...
Mass Air Flow Sensors - Article at Getgyan
Introduction A mass flow sensor responds to the amount of a fluid (usually a gas) flowing through a chamber containing the sensor. It is intended to be insensitive to the density of the fluid. A mass airflow sensor is used to determine the mass of air entering an electronically fuel-injected engine. The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit to calculate and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. Air changes its density as it expands ...
Getting Started With Electronics Part 2 - Article at Getgyan
Transistors Transistors are semiconductor devices with three leads. For those that don't know "leads" simply refer to the pins or wires coming from a device or component. A very small current or voltage at one lead can control a much larger current flowing through the other two leads. This type of action turns a transistor into a mechanical switch. That's pretty much the basic function, it's a switch. Most integrated chips or IC's as they are commonly called chips with ...
Getting Started With Electronics Part 1 - Article at Getgyan
Introduction Most all electronics components generate, store, control or switch electricity in some way. A circuit is made of various components that act together to produce a desired effect. There is a lot to learn about electronics and you may never truly understand everything about the subject. But when you break down even the most complex circuits you'll find the same basic building blocks. You'll also find the same basic principles and methods repeated in most electronic ...
The Saga of Kashmir - Article at Getgyan
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Historically the term Kashmir was used to refer to the valley lying between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. Today Kashmir refers to a larger area that includes the Indian-administered regions of Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh, the Pakistani administered regions Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir, and the Chinese administered region of Aksai Chin. Kashmir was originally an important centre of Hinduism and ...
Touch Sensor - Article at Getgyan
Introduction Perhaps the most commonly used of all robotic sensors, the "touch sensor" is nothing more than a simple electrical switch; when the lever is pressed an electrical circuit is completed. Touch sensors were used in making Sciborg's bumpers. Chimera used touch sensors in its head (to tell when it was being petted) and its tail (to tell when it was being pulled.) Touch sensors are also useful as "limit switches", to indicate when some mechanism has ...
Temperature Sensor with Digital Output - Article at Getgyan
This is a very simple Temperature Sensor. It uses LM35DT as a semiconductor Temperature Sensor which operates with a +5 volt DC. Circuit Diagram Parts Used Transformer � 9-0-9 Center Tapped Bridge Rectifier ��Integrated Circuits (IC) 1.�Analog � to � Digital Converter � ADC0804 2.�IC - 7805 ...
Temperature Sensor - Article at Getgyan
Temperature Sensor Types Big differences exist between different temperature sensor or temperature measurement device types. Using one perspective, they can be simply classified into two groups, contact and non-contact. The two links below take you to descriptive pages on each type with a breakdown by more specific, detailed types under that simple, first breakout. Both contact and non-contact sensors require some assumptions and inferences in use to measure temperature. ...
Infra Red Sensor - Article at Getgyan
Basic IR Transmitter / Receiver (Tx / Rx) pair Infrared sensors work by sending out a beam of IR light, and then computing the distance / reflectivity to any nearby objects from characteristics of the returned (reflected) signal. A simple IR proximity sensor is essentially just an IR LED and IR photodiode. This simple sensor, though, would be prey to ambient light (i.e., your IR "receiver" would be responding to naturally present IR as well as reflected IR , and we would ...
Nanotechnology - Article at Getgyan
In the next 50 years, machines will get increasingly smaller -- so small that thousands of these tiny machines would fit into the period at the end of this sentence. Within a few decades, we will use these nanomachines to manufacture consumer goods at the molecular level, piecing together one atom or molecule at a time to make baseballs, telephones and cars. This is the goal of nanotechnology. Some of the current innovations IBM Researchers Build World's First Single - ...
Introduction to Sensors - Article at Getgyan
What is Sensor? A sensor is type of transducer that converts the measurand (a quantity or a parameter) into signal carrying information. "Something which can sense and response accordingly is called as Sensor". Human is a typical example of Sensor. A transducer is a device, usually electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, electromagnetic, photonic, or photovoltaic that converts one type of energy to another for various purposes ...
Artificial Intelligence - Article at Getgyan
What is Artficial Intelligence ? Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of an artificial mechanism to exhibit intelligent behavior. Artificial intelligence is also the name of the field in which artificial mechanisms that exhibit intelligence are developed and studied. The term invites philosophical speculation about what constitutes the mind or intelligence. Such questions can be considered separately, however, as the endeavor to construct and understand increasingly ...
Omni Directional Vehicle - Article at Getgyan
YFR's best method to design Omni Directional Vehicle Objective To design an Omni directional vehicle concept for future development: To build an Omni Directional Vehicle requires inclusion of an unorthodox approach to mechanics to build a reliable, safe and efficient system capable of carrying humans. It should possess features like enabling easy vision-span transition to enable the user (controller) to look in the direction of ...
Reservation in Educational Institutions - Article at Getgyan
You guys must have heard the news about the reservations in premier institutions. The current debate about 27% OBC reservation and sufficient access to educational institutions poses various questions to the stakeholders. Post liberalization, institutions of higher education are emerging as global competitors especially in the area of professional education. At the same time, larger numbers of Indian achievers and achievements have contributed to recognition of India as a knowledge ...
Power Plant - Article at Getgyan
Power Station An electric power station is a factory in which energy is converted from one form to other i.e, from Mechanical into Electrical Energy in a conventional Thermal power station , the energy is first in the form of heat through the fuel which may be coal, gas or oil. This heat is liberated by combustion in boiler furnace and then is used to convert water into steam. The energy of steam is converted to the mechanical energy of a rotating shaft by some form of steam engine ...
Embedded System - Article at Getgyan
Abstract This article presents a survey of several major embedded systems. It analyzes several design issues of embedded system, such as architecture, memory management, IPC, process management, network support, and the impact of hardware limitation and application requirement of embedded system. An embedded system performs one or a few pre-defined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. The article than further emphasize common feature, characteristics, user interfaces, ...
Beginning of Robotics - Article at Getgyan
History of Robotics Some historians believe the origin of ROBOTICS can be traced back to the ancient Greeks. It was around 270 BC when Ctesibus (a Greek engineer) made organs and water clocks with movable figures. Other historians believe robotics began with mechanical dolls. In the 1770s, Pierre Jacquet-Droz, a Swiss clock maker and inventor of the wristwatch, created three ingenious mechanical dolls. He made the dolls so that each one could perform a specific function: one would ...
Transformer & Distribution - Article at Getgyan
Transformer is one of the most vital electrical machinery. The development of the present day power system is very much attributable to the large number and types of transformer that are in operation in the system, such as, generator transformers, step-up transformers, step-down transformers, interlinking transformers, power transformers & distribution transformers etc. It is important that utmost care is taken in the design, manufacture, testing, installation, and maintenance of ...
CAT: SURELY AN UNPREDICTABLE GAME - Article at Getgyan
How one can overcome the Common Admission Test (CAT) exam, an adversary, which changes its characteristics at will: essentially a chameleon? The answer is obvious: by becoming a chameleon yourself! Mercifully, even in these uncertain times, the old adage 'diamond cuts diamonds' still holds. In layman terms, this implies that no preconceived, static, iron clad, watertight strategy can ensure that you sail through the CAT storm. You need to be as agile, as flexible and as nimble ...
Java In Web Application - Article at Getgyan
What Is a Web Application? Web applications are by nature distributed applications, meaning that they are programs that run on more than one computer and communicate through a network or server. Specifically, web applications are accessed with a web browser and are popular because of the ease of using the browser as a user client. For the enterprise, the ability to update and maintain web applications without deploying and installing software on potentially thousands of client ...
DC Motors Using H Bridge - Article at Getgyan
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The reverse process that of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. Traction motors used on locomotives often perform both tasks if the locomotive is equipped with dynamic brakes. Electric motors are found in household appliances such as fans, refrigerators, washing machines, pool pumps and fan-forced ovens. Most electric motors work by electromagnetism, but motors based ...
Design of Cathode in Carbon Plant - Article at Getgyan
Introduction One of the most difficult tasks conform the designer of an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum is the design of the container itself, because: Molten fluoride bath at 960o C has both low viscosity and interfacial tension that allow easy penetration of porous construction materials. During the initial baking of a newly built cell, the different rates of thermal expansion of the construction materials cause dimensional changes ...
Air Dryers Used In Locomotives - Article at Getgyan
Why air dryer? Compressed air is used on diesel and electric locomotives for brake system and operation of other auxiliary devices. The compression cycle of ambient air includes compression in locomotive compressor and then cooling in after cooler. During compression, pressure & temperature of ambient air increases hut its relative humidity decreases. However, absolute amount of the moisture present in the air remains same. After compression when the air is cooled in after ...
Network Security - Article at Getgyan
In the age of universal electronic connectivity, of viruses and hackers, of electronic eavesdropping and electronic fraud, there is indeed no time at which security dose not matter. With the introduction of computer, the need for automated tools for protecting files and other information stored on the computer became evident. This is especially the case for a shared system, such as a time sharing system, and the need is even more acute for system that can be accessed over a public telephone ...
General Questions asked in Interviews - Article at Getgyan
After coming through all the hurdles of the SELECTION PROCESS, you will eventually arrive at an interview. This is of course, a major obstacle for many job applicants. Although they may have the qualifications, experience and a proven track record, they may lose out to a candidate who 'interviews better.' So what does 'interviewing better' actually mean? It comes down to the candidate being well-prepared and confident. A candidate who can answer questions in a way which is ...
Design & Fabrication of Automatic Pneumatic Lift - Article at Getgyan
Abstract In order to implement the ideas one has to make the model of that. Human beings are restricted to some extent in bearing loads but they are not restricted for innovations. The technology is so much advanced that every problem can be solved, resources are easily available. As a human being is able to take away a limited amount of load (50Kg or more than that), it vary from person to person. But there are many things which a human being can not be. As every ...
About C - Article at Getgyan
About C As a programming language, C is rather like Pascal or Fortran. Values are stored in variables. Programs are structured by defining and calling functions. Program flow is controlled using loops, if statements and function calls. Input and output can be directed to the terminal or to files. Related data can be stored together in arrays or structures. Of the three languages, C allows the most precise control of input and output. C is also rather more terse than Fortran ...
First Look at Robotics - Article at Getgyan
Introduction If you think robots are mainly the stuff of space movies, think again. Right now, all over the world, robots are on the move. They're painting cars at Ford plants, assembling Milano cookies for Pepperidge Farms, walking into live volcanoes, driving trains in Paris, and defusing bombs in Northern Ireland. As they grow tougher, nimbler, and smarter, today's robots are doing more and more things we can't -or don't want to-do. History Leonardo da ...
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